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The inadvertent transfer of exotic marine species in the ballast water of international shipping is a major environmental concern. Each year, some 12 billion tonnes of ballast water, transporting an estimated 15,000 species, pose a threat to biodiversity, fisheries and aquaculture which is recog nised by the International Maritime Organisation. The massive volume of ballast water makes complete and cost-effective treatment a challenge. Dinoflagellate cysts are among the most commonly found toxic organisms in ballast water and sediments and are particularly problematic because of the natural resistance provided by their cellulose armour and the dormancy period of their life-cycle. The development of a rapid method for determining the viability of Alexandrium catenella cysts for rapid assessment of ballast water treatment provides the opportunity to evaluate the potential of a high power ultrasonics slurry technology. A series of experiments have been conducted exposing filtered sea water suspensions of A. catenella cysts to high power ultrasound in two flow arrangements for different periods of exposure and evaluating cyst viability by flow cytometry. Cyst survival was generally
Ultrasonic Ballast Water Disinfection The ultrasonic treatment system has demonstrated to be effective in the killing of bacteria, plankton, and larger organisms. The ultrasonic disinfection of ballast water is a mechanical/ physical treatment, which avoids the dosing of any strong and expensive active chemicals into the ballast water. This ensures an ideal environmental acceptability combined with high biological effectiveness regarding the destruction and inactivation of plant and animal organisms and microorganisms in ballast water.
| Model | RPS-SONO20-2000 | RPS-SONO20-3000 |
| Input voltage | 220/110V,50/60Hz | |
| Controller | Digital controller with automatic frequency tracking | |
| Rated power(kW) | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Power adjust | 10%-99% | |
| Amplitude | 30~80μm | |
| Frequency(kHz) | 20±0.5,automatic frequency tracking | |
| Horn material | Titanium alloy | |
| Horn diameter | 40~50mm | 50mm |
| Horn length | 240~490mm, can be customized | |
| Flange | Tri-clamp/DN50 flange/customized flange | |
| Operating method | Buttons | |
| Working temperature | ≤200ºC | ≤200ºC |
| Working pressure | Working pressure | ≤0.4MPa,can be customized |
| Processing volume | Above 5L | Above 10L |
| Material viscosity | ≤0000cp | ≤0000cp |
Ultrasound has potential application in disinfecting a variety of water streams, including shipboard ballast water to avoid transfer of non-indigenous species between geographic locations. Two approaches for improving the performance of ultrasound in disinfecting bacteria were examined: 1) optimizing the ultrasonic intensity by varying the treatment cell diameter, and 2) using ultrasound in conjunction with a second treatment. A contact time for one log kill of an E. coli pure culture of 0.6 minutes was measured when using higher average intensities resulting from reduced treatment cell diameters, a substantial improvement over previous work. Combined treatment consisting of ultrasonic and thermal treatment resulted in a reduction of about 40% in contact time for one log kill of E. coli. Since a contact time of 0.6 minutes per log kill is still likely to be too long for a flow-through treatment system for ballast water, the applicability of ultrasound to ballast water treatment is expected to focus on zooplankton, for which ultrasound is very effective. A second treatment that targets the bacteria could also be employed. Additionally, ultrasound is effective in disinfecting both bacteria and zooplankton in lower flow rates and may have application to other water treatment applications. Additional experimentation is recommended using ultrasound to disinfect natural seawat
Ultrasonic Disinfection by Cavitation High power ultrasound waves generate cavitation bubbles in liquids, which result in intense shear forces and high stress. When intense ultrasound waves are coupled into liquids, the sound waves that propagate into the liquid media result in alternating high-pressure and low-pressure cycles, with rates depending on the frequency. During the low-pressure cycle (phase of rarefaction), high-intensity ultrasonic waves create small vacuum bubbles or voids in the liquid. When the bubbles attain a volume at which they can no longer absorb energy, they collapse violently during a high-pressure cycle (phase of compression). This phenomenon is termed cavitation. During the implosion very high temperatures (approx. 5,000K) and pressures (approx. 2,000atm) are reached locally. The implosion of the cavitation bubble also results in liquid jets of up to 280m/s velocity. This highly energetic bubble generation and collapse results in hydrodynamic shear forces and ultrasonic oscillations, which breaks and disrupts the cell walls of organisms - effectively killing them. Concerning its environmental acceptability, there are no known or anticipated environmental concerns associated with the ultrasound-assisted technology.
• Dispersion
• Cell disruption
• Pharmacy sample prep
• Homogenization
• Emulsification
• Nanoparticle dispersion
• Atomization
• Graphene dispersion
• Biodiesel making;
• Liquidation,
• Crystallization,
• Extraction,
• Wastewater treatment,
• Accelerated reaction,
• kill microbes(cell disruption),
• Degradation of toxic organic pollutants
• antiscaling descaling in sewage treatment field
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